Now the bigger question "does operating in one of 'those cities' have advantages?" or "is it easier to succeed as a startup in one of 'those cities'?" is a different issue. Certainly there are reasons why so many startups come from certain areas. But if you really are wanting a binary "yes/no" answer to "Can I - at least theoretically - succeed somewhere else" then there's really no question. Yes, it's been done [1] and it's being done.
FWIW, I'll point you to some examples of the kind of stuff that's going on in one area (Raleigh/Durham/Chapel Hill/RTP, NC) that's outside of the traditional "tech hub" areas you mention:
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2233892
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2233666
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2129698
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2222813
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2116846
http://meetup.com/RTP-Hackers-Founders/
http://southcap.eventbrite.com/
http://eseriesmarch2011.eventbrite.com/
http://www.launchboxdigital.com/
http://www.newsobserver.com/2010/07/21/590526/american-tobac...
http://blogs.newsobserver.com/business/five-companies-join-a...
And just for a little additional context:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Triangle_(North_Carolina)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Triangle_Park
[1]: http://www.redhat.com - maybe the best known of the Triangle area startups from over the years.
And NC is just one area that has a lot going for it, outside of Boston, NYC, Bay area... there are plenty of places you can launch a startup, you'll just need to do your research and evaluate the relative merits and advantages and disadvantages of them. One example of a disadvantage frequently cited here in the Triangle NC area is that it's generally considered harder to raise Angel / VC money here than out West or in Boston / NYC. It is possible of course, it's just harder.
http://techcrunch.com/2011/02/14/can-you-really-build-a-grea...
I am currently investigating two cities away from my home in San Francisco.
http://www.essortment.com/film-industry-city-wilmington-nort...
http://www.wilmingtonfilm.com/
Believe it or not, but NC (Wilmington and Southeast NC in particular) have a thriving film industry. So if you're looking to do something that requires people with skillsets around filming, there's a whole other world here on the East coast that can provide that.
Why are you considering moving? What are you looking for, either personally or professionally, in a new location? You might get better feedback if folks had a little more to go on.