I don't see why not...you can trademark a fruit(apple) and a a color(pink).
As far as I know, trademarks can cover the proportions of the logo. So, if I created an orange square, put a lambda in it (using the same font) and ensured the padding around the lambda was pinpoint accurate, that'd totally be infringement.
About the only thing that I'm being sketchy on is the use of the Y Combinator name. I tried to use Y-Combinator, when referring to math, and Y Combinator when referring to the company, but the line is a bit blurry...