My company is currently moving to microservices, but for different reasons.
The problem you raise was in fact fixed years ago in our org simply by properly decoupling our "monolithic" app into modules. The top-level build was simply a collection of all pre-built modules. After each dependency update, an automated regression would run, and if pass rate was less than X%, the change was not pushed upstream.
Really, microservices give you 2 things better than that: 1, the ability to combine more technologies; 2, much simpler (horizontal) scalability, since properly done microservices naturally scale well with multiple copies running on multiple machines. Of course, the costs are there, in terms of more debugging difficulties, more complex logging needs and usually a higher minimum overhead.