"On 21 December 2016, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) declared that the generalised retention of certain types of personal data is unlawful, although little is known as to how this will affect the Investigatory Powers Act at this stage."
also my perception is that may and cameron were doing reverse psychology by backing remain
There are plenty of major Tory figures on record confirming this.
Allegedly. It was more of a 'agreeing with the government in place at the time'
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_collective_responsibil...
Technically, it was suspended during the 2016 referendum, but was it? Really?
Nah. Had Cameron's gamble paid off, Gove and Grayling would have been out on their ear.
The region that is most responsible for tax avoidance is the EU. End. In BOTs, everything is reported (company ownership, beneficial owners, and financial institutions report everything back to home tax authorities). Member states in the EU are engaged in industrial tax avoidance (Netherlands, Luxembourg, Ireland, etc.) and marketed themselves to corporations that way (i.e. they didn't just facilitate it, they caused it). And one big reason why no-one did anything is that the EU was led by (Juncker) the guy who was solely responsible for this (he was signing these deals in the 90s, before Ireland and co. got in on the game).
The EU enables member states to agree policies which are beneficial when widely adopted despite being detrimental if unilaterally adopted, thus avoiding a "race to the bottom". This sort of dynamic should be expected, given results from game theory like the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Public Goods Game[2].
[1] https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/anti-tax-avoidan...
The EU is the centre of industrial tax avoidance. Member states are responsible for assisting corporations (not just facilitating, advertising) in tax avoidance (trillions of dollars have moved out of tax systems as a result). This wasn't to encourage investment...yes, Luxembourg...Amazon has invested so heavily there...is your stupidity deliberate?
The connection with the EU is that the EC was run by the person who had signed a massive amount of those deals. The stuff that has been passed is weak, it probably won't work (nation states have already devised new ways to get round this), and work on transparency (most of these deals were secret) has been blocked by the usual tax havens (this contrasts nicely with the UK where transparency has been adopted in full, the only stumbling block was the inability to force this upon some overseas territories...it was adopted overnight in Jersey/IOM however).
Congrats you have read Wikipedia. What you don't seem to realise is that a "race to the bottom" did occur. Luxembourg did these deals, we now know, in the 1990s then other nations started copying. The EU triggered a race to the bottom globally and it occurred within the EU...but why let reality get in the way of your theories?
Again, we really need to crack down on these rouge tax haven states. Thankfully, the US/UK has led the way on this.