I had a diesel car that I once drove with no alternator and no battery: started off a jump and drove to the auto parts store. Radio, windows, and lights were dead, but the car drove fine.
It's one of the last types of Mercedes which were meant to go through WWIII and back.
The trucks were equipped with some type of an emergency throw should that situation ever arise. We never had to use it in my time there.
Since at least the ~2000 era, a VW diesel will run with no alternator (for a while) but not without a battery.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_OM616_engine