Ask HN: RoR, Python/Django, or PHP/Something (not what you think)...
Elaborate if you like.
Elaborate if you like.
2. Pretty much any of the combinations of a "convention over configuration" framework and a dynamic language. RoR, Grails, Django, whichever one you decide you like best and learn well enough to execute well with.
All of that said, my choice was (is) Groovy and Grails. Groovy is a nice modern language with dynamic typing, closures, etc. but it runs on the JVM so it can easily leverage the huge wealth of available Java libraries. And Grails is a very Rails like CoC framework that is very productive. I've been using Groovy/Grails for the past year and couldn't be happier with the choice. YMMV, HTH, IANAL, WTFBBQ, ETC.
[1]: Not really. http://www.coboloncogs.org
Think it's funny that a lot of people make these bold statements. I'm not a big fan of PHP either but the job market in my country Java, .NET and PHP are the most asked for languages.
2. Whatever language you know best.