So and so would find some relative or friend who matches one or more of those categories and then claim they were the owner on paper to get the contract.
They don't even have to go to that much trouble. There's a whole ecosystem of 8(a) companies set up to take advantage of these contracts and then subcontract the work out to ineligible companies. They usually walk the halls to find the contract, handle some paperwork, provide the corporate history/legitimacy and take a bit off the top. And what you get is some tiny shop winning multi-million dollar contracts allocated for disadvantaged businesses, then turning around and farming out the work to Northrup-Grumman or SAIC or some other tradition, giant defense/government contractor (whom they usually have already worked out arrangements).