Ways it is not c-like:
- begin...end instead of curly braces
- parallelism with assign, always, initial
- tasks and functions and their subtle differences
- non-blocking assignment
- bit-oriented variables and operations
- 4-state logic (0, 1, X, Z)
- other constructs for modeling hardware like time delays, tri-state wires, drive strengths, etc.
Not to mention that SystemVerilog has taken over Verilog and adds OOP with classes, a complicated (sorry, powerful) assertion mini-language, constrained randomization, a streaming operator, and so on.
The FPGA projects I've seen (using very high end FPAGs, not commodity/cheap ones) seem like they're always bumping up against clock rates and making timing as soon as they try to do anything approaching what you can do on a CPU or GPU. Of course there are exceptions where the FPGA does really simple and parallel things, but FPAGs aren't a panacea.