Robotics MS programs generally have a lot of physics and mechanical engineering prerequisites. If you want to be on the software side, you should look at embedded and firmware technologies.
It sounds like you’re looking to make tools for marine scientists more than doing science. You don’t necessarily need an MS for that. A lot of those companies are relatively small. IMHO those types of companies want generalists who can learn fast and get things done.
You might consider attending a trade show or conference like: Oceans, OI, Ocean Business to meet some companies.
There are a growing number of research vessel Yachts. Paul’s was pretty much the first. Ray’s is one of the latest. Ocean Xs new ship is pretty awesome. I was on board at the yard around the time they gutted most of it. Super cool tour! Great team too.
Certainly These types of vessels will contribute to science, but they are still toys for rich people. This has both pros and cons for science.
I’d be happy to discuss more offline if you want.