If you're commuting with cars, there is no sense in which the air you are breathing is "fresh"
Which is a given in the winter :(
I knew some researchers who were specifically looking at the question of bicyclist exposure to air pollution by pedaling around town with nephalometers (IIRC). I don’t remember what their conclusions were, if any. I should look that up.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896971...
https://www.cyclinguk.org/article/fuming-air-pollution-and-c...