Carlos Ghosn Flees to Lebanon to Escape Japan Legal System
bloomberg.com
bloomberg.com
On the flip side of that... I quake with terror at the thought of ever being charged with a crime in Japan. Repeated interrogations without the right to have a lawyer present? Delaying charges in order to secure multiple detentions? Harsh conditions of bail?
All of these things seem to be engineered to produce guilty pleas or convictions without a lot of pesky pushback from the accused.
Why can’t it be both?
We have evidence he turned the companies around [1]. And we have evidence he paid personally-affiliated companies money for dubious services [2], a track record that has been probed by multiple countries [3].
[1] https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/276268.Turnaround
[2] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-22/lebanese-...
[3] https://www.france24.com/en/20190703-france-police-raid-rena...
1. Ghosn was a talented CEO who engineered big turnarounds at Renault and Nissan, who also was likely embezzling from the company.
2. The Japanese justice system is fundamentally tilted toward the prosecution, and is especially unfair to powerful foreign individuals.
Personally, I hope this to be a good show to Japanese people. The timing is good too. It is finally dawning on people in Japan that their government might not be entirely fair, and how the extreme rich like him can do shady dealings. Many of them have been too naive.
I don't see that. Most press commends him for turning around Nissan and Renault.
He may have gotten greedy. His downfall was more due to social norms. Greed is perceived in a good light in the USA. Greed is a cardinal sin in Japan. (I'm generalizing)
Ghosn probably felt he should have taken the GM job when Obama offered it to him. His counterpart there was easily making more than he was despite all the financial engineering he had to do to get what he viewed as fair compensation
Though all countries look askance at "them furniners" eg The HP / Autonomy Trial.
That being said, nobody does anything about it in the USA for various reasons, and I’ll accept that the USA is certainly one of the easier places in the world to get away with egregious greed.
Japan and France, where Ghosn was CEO of 2 companies, have strict compensation caps for executives. In the USA there is no such thing. The cultural perception of making a lot of money is different in Japan and France vs USA.
That's not strictly true. There is a tax code provision that prohibits companies from counting executive compensation of over $1MM as an operating expense, the intention being to discourage high compensation by essentially putting an additional tax on the excess compensation. It's not very effective, particularly since "performance-based" compensation was exempt until a couple years ago.
There are also harder limits for executive (and other people's) compensation in government contracting. Somewhat more effective than the above, but still not great.
Japan, CEO gets paid $1 million a year. Engineer makes $60k
USA, CEO gets paid $100 million a year. Engineer makes $300k
I much prefer the higher paid CEO as he's paying me 5x what my Japanese counterpart gets paid.
On top of which in Japan I have to grovel up to my CEO and speak to them like royalty using super groveling language where as the CEO in the USA can call by their first name and treat them as just another person.
Yeah! That's why Martin Shkrelli was so admired as a national hero in the U.S.
...right?
I can't think of a single place on this planet where greed is admired, unless you want to over-generalize and lump in general capitalism and entrepreneurship -- but I think that the effort to over-define greed into any and all wealth accumulation is missing the actual point behind the concept of greed itself.
Greed is not perceived as negatively in the U.S. as in, for example, Japan, but it is not, here or anywhere I am aware of, perceived "in a good light". When you want to suck up to an executive in the U.S., you don't commend them on how "greedy" they are, because (in the U.S. like anywhere else), that's an insult.
But cut-throat monopolistic market domination, gaming, and consumer/employee abuse - that's just sound business ethics.
America definitely worships actions that many would consider to fall under the "greed" term, even if you don't. A great example is that Donald Trump's main qualification for being President was his wealth and business acumen. I think half the country would consider him a poster child for "greed" while the other half think his actions fit in on a resume.
Americans don’t view greed positively, we are too busy trying to survive a rigged system without falling victim to some financially crippling life event.
(Hat tip to peteretep for the updated figure).
At least 5-10% of people get off on technical details the police or prosecutors messed up or just good lawyering of guilty people. The rest the cases fall apart before trial because of witnesses or other evidence and turns of events. (I’m pulling these numbers out of my ass just to make a point).
The problems in Japan are with the due process and a serious lack of rights of the accused. Even if we completely ignore the conviction rates.
In the UK, the CPS only prosecute cases with “a reasonable chance of conviction”, which I guess means they essentially choose the conviction rate they’re aiming for?
We saw how that works in practice recently with that FBI report where the judges were basically yes men trusting everything the FBI told them without even basic scrutiny...
The Japanese system is more on the input end regarding due process and rights to counsel.
It is therefore expected that conviction rates should be relatively high whether in the UK or Japan.
However, 99% really looks like rubber stamping a decision that was already made by the police... and that's a red flag.
Of course, how many of us mere mortals will be keeping our jobs after no-showing and zero contact for 3 weeks?
The Supreme Court only allows the exclusion of incriminating evidence only when it yields “appreciable deterrence”. In practice, this means that if police obtained a valid warrant (at the time), then the evidence is still admissible even if the warrant was later found to be illegal.
That is, people tend to side with what feels right In a given situation rather than what is the best policy for a government to execute over millions of people over centuries.
Japan, China and Many countries in Europe including Germany follows continental law. So probably just assuming that lawyers presence will change something substantially is not appropriate.
In those system a prosecutor only brings the case when they are convinced there is enough evidence to prosecute otherwise they themselves be on a hook, unlike common law jurisdiction. The only question here should be is the person given chance to defend himself and I believe in this case Japan did give enough chances so much so that the person moved all his wealth with his wife outside of Japan during trial. Send families to secure destinations with all the wealth.
Now himself absconded to a non extradition country. I hope such punishments are meted our to CEO of Enron, Lehman and many others in USA but didn’t happen.
Carlos knew very well the Japanese system when he agreed to work with Nissan. So all those stories of him being a victim is a pr run by his family and money.
Not sure what crime you think the CEO of Lehman Bros. committed (is not having enough pull with the Fed and US gov to get a bailout like the other large banks a crime?)
As for the "many others", Martha Stewart went to jail for five months. Bernie Madoff got a 150 year sentence and is still in jail. Timothy Rigas (Adelphia Communications) served over 10 years in prison. Etc, etc.
If Carlos would were in the US, his assets would have been frozen and not permitted to flee.
Specifically he's accused of:
1) Concealing the true scale of his retirement package, none of which had been paid
2) During the '08 crisis he had Nissan temporarily take on hedging contracts (used to blunt the impact of currency fluctuations of the yen) since his bank was demanding collateral he didn't have; then later securing a line of credit from a Saudi businessman who was paid $14 million by Nissan (ostensibly for regional distribution)
I'm no forensic accountant but that's not a lot of smoke, much less fire. The retirement package was still theoretical and it's hard to believe a man being paid $20 million a year was really engaging in financial skullduggery for what amounted to peanuts of his net worth.
As others in this thread have pointed out, this seems to be a case of the Japanese looking down on greed, whereas it's the norm in America and some parts of Europe.
Also the Japanese were possibly reluctant to see a big Japanese company (Nissan) subsumed into a large international behemoth (Ghosn was trying to formally merge Renault and Nissan at the time of his arrest).
Ghosn is probably right that he can't get a fair trial in Japan's notoriously prosecutor-friendly justice system. Even the Businessweek article notes the conviction rate is at or near 100%.
Ghosn may have been arrogant and greedy but unless new details are presented the publicly available evidence suggests these charges are extremely flimsy.
The elephants in the room are the payments made to a Beirut-based entity affiliated with his son [1][2].
[1] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-22/lebanese-...
[2] https://www.lesechos.fr/industrie-services/automobile/renaul...
GFI (controlled by Ghosn) paid SBA (an Omani businessman, Suhail Bahwan) for "marketing incentives." At some point later, SBA paid GFI. The Japanese suggest this was a kickback scheme but 1) the fact that one firm paid another and vice versa is not ipso facto evidence of financial wrongdoing 2) if this really is a kickback scheme, why such low sums of money relative to his net worth?
The other accusation in the articles you reference is that GFI made payments to a company named "Shogun Investments", of which Ghosn's son was involved, and that he directed those funds to his own financial startup, "Shogun Enterprises", which then possibly used the funds to buy a yacht.
The first charge has no clear basis for impropriety, and the second is against Ghosn's son, not Ghosn (and btw, even if Ghosn's son did misuse investor funds -- and he denies doing so -- it wouldn't be the first startup in the world to do so).
Unless you can explain to me something I'm missing these accusations do not strike me as "the elephant in the room."
Nissan-Renault paid "overseas distributors" for services allegedly never rendered. Those funds then found their way to GFI, a Ghosn family controlled entity. This is, if true, embezzlement.
It was this finding that caused Ghosn's support at Renault to crater. It's also what prompted the French probes.
Both articles describe the transfers as misappropriations of funds. These transfers were a revelation not only to Nissan, but also to Renault. They prompted probes in both France and Japan (and likely will, at this point, in the United States), it fits a pattern of embezzlement.
Broadly speaking, if management finds their operational budget in their personal account without the Board's knowledge, that's fraud.
The Japanese criminal-justice system is deeply flawed. But allegations are made in multiple cases across multiple jurisdictions and describe seriously criminal behavior.
A lot of his complaints was that the prosecutors were leaking TONS of info but he was prohibited from replying and that he had no guarantee of a trial date.
This whole compensation thing seemed so weak. The filings disclosed what he was paid, there was no agreement to pay him more. He was keeping track it seemed like of what he felt he should get paid. I'm sure he (and many other CEO's) sometimes calculate how much they believe they should get -> maybe they propose those numbers to the board etc. How is that criminal? He wasn't paid that much if you look at it. There are .bomb scammers getting paid far more.
The other odd thing is the claim that he didn't render services. By all accounts the guy was a workaholic.
For this he's been in jail with no confirmed trial date. Given the supposedly slam dunk nature of the case why don't they go to trial on the compensation FEIL charges?
Given the specific payments aren't publicly detailed, it would be impossible to say.
> And folks said these types of payments generally got a lot of levels of approval?
This is contradicted by both Nissan and Renault's Boards. (The approvers were Ghosn and the other executive in jail in Japan.)
"Describing as" != prove. And when it comes to throwing people in jail we should strive for prove.
> Broadly speaking, if management finds their operational budget in their personal account without the Board's knowledge, that's fraud.
First, no Nissan funds were in Ghosn's "personal account." Not sure where you're getting that. The articles clearly describe GFI as an arm of Nissan directly controlled by Ghosn but that is not a personal account -- it was still a Nissan account.
Second, Ghosn's defense has been all along that others in the firm approved the transactions. Someone somewhere was clearly signing the checks -- I don't know how true this is but it is a legitimate defense.
Allegations are not proof. I can accuse you of anything -- doesn't make it true.
Ghosn may indeed have engaged in criminal activity but nothing you describe proves it, or even seriously indicates it.
Pre-trial detention is common worldwide. In this case, it was loosened. (Clearly, too much.)
> Ghosn may indeed have engaged in criminal activity but nothing you describe proves it, or even seriously indicates it
It's not proven. That was for the trial to conclude. Criminal efforts in Japan, France and elsewhere will continue.
There is a preponderance of evidence, the legal standard in most jurisdictions, for bringing charges around embezzlement. I agree the compensation charges were weak. But they weren't the bombshell.
In any case, we'll get the facts over the coming years. The Japanese case will continue. And Ghosn fleeing will likely prompt investigations in the United States, at the very least for asset seizure.
Given how conservative Japanese prosecutors are reputed to be in bringing cases in the first place and Ghosn's decision to flee , I'd bet they have reasonable evidence.
Olympus - Accounting fraud - overseas whistleblower was the one prosecuted!
Lots of other cases - Japanese CEO's doing MUCH MUCH worse face zero prison time and/or prosecution.
A lot of folks posturing here. The compensation charges - which would have been the first to go to trial if they'd ever gotten to trial (the prosecutors have been dragging things out) were laughably weak. If this is what puts CEO's in jail for years it's a total scam - 100's of japanese CEO's do this and much more. These companies are tied together every which way.
The problem is that if the super rich and powerful are allowed to blatantly show their middle finger to the law and profit, it creates distrust in government which historically resolves through revolution or nowadays in more peaceful countries resolves through election of unsavoury leaders to positions of power.
Doing a runner will probably irrevocably lose him a lot of popular support from people willing to give him the benefit of doubt no matter what PR dog and pony show he puts up. So looks like he's going to be in Lebanon for the next decade.
This is the most likely explanation given Japan’s history of xenophobia and that Nissan is a very high profile, iconic Japanese company
But that's completely orthogonal as to whether Ghosn is guilty of anything. You don't get a free pass for fraud (embezzlement in this case) just because the context is political. I'm surprised that a lot of people are mixing these two things together. There is what Ghosn did, or is accused of doing (embezzlement), and there is why anyone went in to check (prevent the Renault Nissan merger).
The US government is also well known to use its judicial branch to exert political pressure on foreign actors (see the Alstom buyout by GE). That doesn't make the fraud perpetrated by individuals somehow acceptable. But it can justify governments getting involved to prevent these individual actions having larger consequences.
It seems very rare, if not unheard of, in Japan for a CEO to be arrested and thrown to prison the way he was.
For example the 3 former execs of Tepco who have been charged with criminal negligence in relation with the Fukushima disaster have never been arrested. I don't think that execs at Kobe Steel who knew about falsified data regarding defective airbags were arrested. Etc.
On the other hand, Olympus CEO, first foreign CEO, was fired for blowing the whistle on accounting fraud within the company...
Look at the Takata airbag executives. Their decisions resulted in the actual deaths of human beings and they were not treated as harshly.
Yeah, never happens, just like you almost never see any big profile politician beyond bars in Japan. And Japanese CEOs are pretty much affiliated to politicians, so there you have it.
By the way it is astonishing how much the press in Japan is painting Gohn as a culprit on an ongoing basis despite any actual trial and all. The media is completely sold to power here.
From the beginning, Ghosn has employed a team of publicists to manage his image during the arrest and trial. Their primary focuses have been on highlighting the injustices of the legal system in Japan and on portraying an apparent conspiracy against Ghosn perpetuated by Nissan and the Japanese government. It's not hard to see how successful they've been in getting support for Ghosn.
Meanwhile, this strategy has successfully shifted focus away from the charges themselves - charges that include Ghosn secretly shifting $5 million from Nissan to companies his wife and son own in Lebanon.
One point that is interesting in hindsight is that Ghosn decried the injustice of not receiving bail in January, when prosecutors successfully argued that he was a flight risk. He received it in March with heavy restrictions.
In hindsight, the strategy of managing his image, promoting a conspiracy, and denouncing injustice, all while diverting attention away from the charges, seems built with the intended outcome of him fleeing the country. Of course, it probably wasn't planned that way, but it's certainly better to flee and rebuild your life when international public opinion is in support of you rather than against.
In any event, the likely outcome now is that we will never find out the truth behind the four charges against Ghosn.
Besides, liberal freeing society collapses if we cannot or will not hold people to their word, replaced by totalitarianism.
I would guess the set of such people is very nearly disjoint with the set of people who actually have been jailed unjustly. With perhaps the exception of idealistic dissidents who have been jailed for the cause.
Nothing. Asymmetrical power relationships are complicated.
I would much rather die knowing I lived like Havel, then his infamous grocer.
(In case you don’t know Havel, he’s one of the thousands of bright lights who refused to live a comfortable lie in the Eastern bloc and took down an empire. The government is more scared of honorable men, then men who would flee)
Most people wouldn't be allowed into other countries while facing such charges.
Worse than the USA? The only place on earth I've heard of that has good treatment for prisoners is western Europe.
[1] Japan has very few protection for suspects and more than 99% conviction rate. There's a great movie about the justice system there that is worth seeing: I Just Didn't Do It, それでもボクはやってない
"The terms of Mr Ghosn’s detention meant he could leave his flat while on bail, but he was followed by three agencies — the police, prosecutors and a private detective."[1]
[1]https://www.ft.com/content/e0330dbe-2b45-11ea-a126-99756bd8f...
That same box was then flown to Turkey in a private plane, with him in it.
It’s reported that his wife arranged the entire affair.
Source?
One thing I think we can be assured. Foreigners will be afforded less opportunity for bail going forward.
[1]https://www.thedailybeast.com/nissan-ceo-carlos-ghosns-great...
Mentions the musical instrument box, but I don't see the other details.
Edit: This site has the story including the band. No idea how credible it might be: https://gulfnews.com/world/did-nissans-carlos-ghosn-flee-jap...
On one hand, Ghosn is in Lebanon. That’s where people with the full story are.
On the other hand, Ghosn is popular there. An MI6-style escape sounds better than the likelier reality of massive bribes having been paid.
[1] https://gulfnews.com/world/did-nissans-carlos-ghosn-flee-jap...
Simply getting through immigration and customs requires (a) gambling you get a distracted agent or (b) paying a bribe. Given the consequences with (a), it's not surprising that pretty much every fugitive-by-air account features bribes.
There are many more steps that are tightly watched in getting on an international flight, even one privately chartered, particularly out of Japan.
Yes, prosecutors are incentivized to close their cases, and yes, Japanese prosecutors are very conservative about choosing which cases to bring. But nobody was threatening to shut anything down (nor would such an action be politically or bureaucratically feasible) based on the outcome of the trial.
Regardless of what happens though, this will have a chilling effect on Japanese companies' ability to recruit foreign talent at top levels -- but it would have been far worse if Mr. Ghosn had been convicted and imprisoned.
> within days of his arrest, a billboard with his portrait loomed over the streets leading to downtown Beirut. “We are all Carlos Ghosn,” it read. The executive’s incarceration united the country’s usually fractious politicians around him.
Interesting how different he is viewed by different countries.
Him fleeing doesn't give you any new information on wether he is guilty or not.
If I was innocent but accused of his crimes in Japan, I would also flee, because once you are accused in Japan their is basically no way to defend yourself, you are going to get convicted no matter what, so why would anyone, guilty or not, stay?
Also, AFAIK the Japanese side of the board has been withholding information, straight up lying and everything in between to the other part of the board regarding strategic and everyday operations stuff.
I don't know if it's due to the usual egomania and personal agendas, but if their strategy is to burn the 3rd biggest automaker to the ground and then be kings of their little kingdoms they are doing a great job.
Moving internationally with fraudulent credentials would land most people in jail, but it seems the local government "loves" the man (no doubt his money helps with political favours), so he's safe from that too.
One, that still involves travel on a fake passport. Two, Ghosn isn’t a Turkish citizen.
> I would have to think he already had the OK from the Lebanese government
Why? This is a classic ask-for-forgiveness-not-permission situation. (Lebanon doesn’t have an extradition treaty with Japan.)
Seems like the CEO of multiple major multinational corporations would be the sort of person who would need this.
So maybe when Ghosn was required to hand over his passports, he gladly handed 3 of them over, quietly retaining 1 or more in a safe place.
It is possible in France to have several passeports of there are reasons for that (for instance what you have in one passport forbids you to enter another country, or could put you in danger...)
Ghosn may have had convinced the authorities to deliver him more passports.
He's under indictment for corruption, and fled the country using what can only be described as corrupt means, hardly an endorsement.
Compare and contrast with the treatment of Julian Assange.