Ask HN: How are taxes/deductions in the Valley?

I'm going to be moving to the Palo Alto/Mountain View area in May to start an internship. I'll be making close to $15/hour and I'm wondering how much of that will be deducted for taxes or other reasons? Also, in Canada (I'm from Toronto) there are TD1 tax forms that students who are still in school and paying tuition can fill out to lessen their tax deductions. Is there anything similar in California?

Any help is appreciated! I've never been to California and I can't wait to move out there. Also, does anyone have advice on finding a cheap place to live for one person in the Palo Alto/Mountain View area?