It always seems to me that modern staffing modeling/logic just skips emergency situations especially for critical systems. When I read this idea that generalization and reduced staffing was to replace specialization for exactly this reason. It's hard to moonlight as an electrician during the worst moments, even if you can somehow skimp by at the best moments. The whole point of a navy vessel is to be as self sufficient in all conditions not to have to page a vendor halfway around the world just because the system blew up again, and that's just orthogonal to a business where you can put in a few extra hours to fix a problem or can wait until Monday for a vendor to call back. I'd be interested to know if some people have seen better operations research and modeling to cover these sorts of organizational systems compared to the apparent style of cut a labour force until you see blood and reap the profits from minimizing that expense against long term stability.