Notebooks are not for interactively developing large codebases, instead see them as extremely powerful scientific calculators and you'll understand their appeal.
I'm dreaming about something like Emacs Slime[0] for other languages (that aren't Common Lisp) where you can write code, evaluate it in the editor, switch to the REPL and test it, recompile while debugging.... etc. [1]
And the most similar tool of the other languages... is basically jupyter-notebook. There is no such tool for interactive development except with the bare-bone REPL in the shell.
[0] https://common-lisp.net/project/slime/
[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_B_4vhsmRRI, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBcPNr1CKKw,
For literate programming, the Clojure/Clojurescript ecosystem keeps bringing up fascinating environments (in addition to CIDER+Org-mode and Clojupyter).
https://github.com/metasoarous/oz
https://github.com/jsa-aerial/saite
https://github.com/pink-gorilla/gorilla-notebook
are all actively developed and worth following, and they are all rather innovative in the ideas they bring to the table.
For polyglot reproducible literate programming, there is also https://nextjournal.com (implemented in Clojure/Clojurescript).