Optimizing compilers are good at optimizing obvious code, so this usually isn’t a trade off. Many of the clever hacks you can find in books from the 80s are irrelevant now because the compiler can figure out what your naive code is doing and emit something optimized.

Modern processors don’t even operate sequentially and will execute multiple lines in parallel when there are no data dependencies.

For most code, the performance killer is when you try to be too clever or have too many pointer indirections. The compiler has a harder time with this, and is also precluded from applying other optimizations like auto vectorization, because it cannot figure out if it would change the meaning of your code.

For true performance, you need to enter the land of intrinsics, manual vectorization, and cache-aware algorithms. Domains which very few engineers are qualified to work on.

So just keep it simple and trust the compiler. This also applies to algorithms, complicated ones with lots of branching will often perform far far worse in practice than the naive one, you can’t trust the big-O alone. So profile when in doubt.