Compile times? By a small amount sure, but with the incremental compilation we're talking maybe a few tens of seconds max. Any longer and you need to look at improving your build dependencies for better parallelism, and upgrading your hardware.
Development time? Types reduce mental overhead and abstraction for the developer, speeding up development.
Run time? Variables with types that stay static execute faster in JS engines.
Types keep code maintainable, and protect against any accidentally implicit conversions (rife in JS). Types still exist whether you define them or not, so being explicit gives the maintainer of your code much less mental overhead when working with your code. Knowing the contract that a function follows allows them to skip over any assumptions and know exactly what the code is meant to do. Break the contract, get a compile time error.
Anyone can write code, writing maintainable code is the real challenge. In my own 20 years experience this is always what separates the wheat from the chaff.