the TLB is just one element of the process that leads to resolve a virtual address into a physical one: it's a cache that hosts the most recently resolved addresses.

When the virtual address you're looking to resolve is not present in that cache (i.e. when you have TLB miss), the CPU falls back to walking the page table hierarchy. At each level of the tree, the CPU reads an physical address of the next level of the tree and performs a memory fetch of that page table entry (in my previous comment I erroneously said a "page fetch", but it's actually only performing a cache-line sized fetch) and repeatedly so until it reaches the leaves of the tree which contain the Page Table Entry that contains the physical address of the (4k) physical page associated with the virtual page address you wanted to resolve.