1. Bitcoin isn't meant to be fast, it's meant to be reliable, and that's what you're paying for. Other chains are a different question.
2. We don't. One man's terrorist is another's freedom fighter.
3. We don't. The system is broken, Bitcoin is a new system. We need to figure out a new way to transact.
4. Maturity of the system will achieve this, just like it did with Wall Street. Or did it? :P
5. Many many solutions. Threshold signatures, regular multisig, mintable cryptos, etc...
[bonus] Life is not fair. Early birds always get the worm.