https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/08/13/4898074...
While it may seem “obvious” to some of us that Trump isnt the man he used to be in terms of cognitive or speaking ability, sussing out proof of this decline is harder than one might imagine. Although there are some clues, they are far from conclusive. By comparing Trump with Sanders, we see similarities in changes over time, perhaps with Trump’s changes being mildly more pronounced. Whether this means both Trump and Sanders have declining cognitive abilities is an open question. For now, it appears there isn’t enough of a change over time to find anything resembling conclusive evidence for Trump having dementia, Alzheimer’s or other cognitive decline.
Even if we were to use such a crude metric, cognitive decline does not mean a person's speech becomes simpler or easier to understand. It's just the opposite (see word salad: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_salad).