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blocking/masking noise at safe volume levels is very much possible with in-ear monitors and Comply Isolation tips

YMMV. For me, background noise in general isn't the issue. Rather the issue is specifically people talking, because my mind begins following their conversation. If I can render their voice unintelligible then it won't distract me. Low volume music often works for this.

NC headphones will though.

Not so much. They blow low frequencies, but not conversation or even music on the subway.

As someone with tinnitus, it is so much worse than background noise.

Now I love background noise because it's the only way I can escape tennitus (I hate headphones)

Unless you work at a construction site, it will to a very good extent.

Do you really need to drown office noise completely through maxed out music?

Then get some noise canceling headphones, over the ear, and that will take care of the background noise.

Better isolation will allow you to lower the volume. Etymotic ER4XR are my current go-to.