A lot of the breakthroughs have been in image classification, object detection and image segmentation using deep convolutional models way way outperforming prior approaches and beating human level benchmarks (on constrained problems e.g. classify this image into one of 1000 categories)...

But there have also been significant breakthroughs in:

* image/video generation using generative adversarial networks

* game playing & robotics in constrained environments (AlphaGo, AlphaStar, etc) using reinforcement learning

* natural language processing using semantic word vectors and attentional recurrent models

* voice-to-text using recurrent models

Convolutional and recurrent neural networks were invented in the early 1990s and we’ve only recently got them properly working as tools. I think we’re going to see (and need) more algorithmic breakthroughs to push through the current limitations but I’d be very reluctant to bet against that happening, even if it takes a long time...