Both. For instance, on a lot of the YC and newer startups (I can't really cite them from memory) you see these really nice background patterns on landing pages, however, I have no idea how they are made. I have very little formal training as far as graphic design is concerned, so while I might be able to make a pretty logo following a tutorial I'm afraid the fundamental structure of the page will be bad.

Someone on this thread recommended a book called Design Elements, and it's great and just what I needed actually.