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> That's non-trivial to do in practice.

$1M fine for every gallon spilled. Any attempts to falsify data will lead to imprisonment and 5x fines per gallon. Boom, properly incentivized.

And what effect does that have on energy prices?

Who cares? The market will adapt.

Billions of people care. The market is you and your family as you deal with increased costs of living or lack of power and other goods.

Slightly more expensive to the energy companies, cheaper for the countries the pipeline travels through and the people who live there.

I'm not seeing a downside.