This happened to me recently as well. I did not see in your screenshots a unique verification process they presented me with. They showed me pictures that my friends have been tagged in and then gave me 4 choices of names of people on my friends list to choose from. After about 4 or 5 correct selections it unlocked my account. All of the friends it presented me with were ones that I interacted with through FB on a regular basis.

While this is a cool new approach, it would probably be easy for a close friend (realistically an ex boyfriend or girlfriend) to pass this test.