Let me see if I can boil down your comments to specifc questions that I can answer.
"Is DitaBase compliant with JSON-Schema?"
The answer to this question is critical to understand about how DitaBase is different: if you want it to, then yes! The validators and converters are fully Turing complete, and not limited to Javascript either. If you can make a language interpreter in C/C++ (think Javascript V8), then you can use it with DitaBase. So whatever format you want, just rebuild it in (or port it to) dit schemas. Therefore, it isn't possible for DitaBase to not be compliant with something (at least, as far as I can think) because if someone thinks its important, they'll rebuild it in dit schemas.
"Schema.org is just documentation. Are there programatic, queryable schemas?"
Yes, but only optionally. In theory, all that is required to be a dit is a validator. You could inherit from "thing" and just directly have some text and a validator. But if you want to use Controllors (CRUD for a specific schema), Containers (abstract the shape of the data from the content) and other things like that, then yes, you need programatically defined schemas, just like in J-S. If someone has them, then you can use them. If not, in theory, if their schema is public, then you could just make a pull request with the relavent additions. DitaBase is very open compared to something like Swagger.
"Uh, anonymous functions? Duh?"
Oh, yes that makes much more sense that the ridiculous names I was giving those in the example. That actually just never occured to me. Of course these things will have to get slowly fleshed out over time, and I suppose there's no reason you couldn't have both.
"GraphQL, BSON, custom tools, cool things"
This is the great thing about DitaBase. Since you know the exact structure of any dit, and everything about dits is generic, you can just build all of this on top, without any overhead. DitaBase will almost certainly build some things like this in house, especially something like GraphQL, and some data analysis and statistical plotting utilites. Or perhaps, similar to how VScode absorbs open source projects into itself when they get really popular, DitaBase could probably do the same.