When I started at Google the tooling was not very good, and monorepo was pretty painful. They used perforce, and it simply couldn't keep up. Commits could take minutes. Code review was also unbearably slow. Blaze didn't exist yet; just before I started they had tools that generated million+ line makefiles that everyone hated. So yeah, you need good tooling, but even Google didn't have it for the first ~10 years of its existence.