It's confined to the USA and Australia, where the combination of powerful Murdoch media and rural fossil fuel billionaires reign over the conservative parties. (Canada and UK get some spillover.) See above links to "Dark Money" and "Merchants of Doubt" for US. For Australia:
No it's not. It's very much a thing in Europe too.
Absolutely not. Here in the Netherlands it's rampant.
Interesting. The resurgence of "local idiot" nationalism has led to virulent anti-expertise in general and anti-environmentalism in particular in Poland, East Germany, arguably France ... what is denialism like in the Netherlands?