I don't think the name change was the problem here, rather it wasn't complete until recently.
Even if Perl 6 is completed, I don't think it is a practical workhorse for many real world situations.
To me being able to create grammars in Perl 6 to parse text data sounds really compelling. However, every time I have played around with them, Perl 6 has been so slow, that I have reverted to using regular expressions in another language.
http://blogs.perl.org/users/ovid/2019/08/is-perl-6-being-ren...
If the confusion regarding Perl 5/6 never happened, it might have retained that popularity in that domain.