My own understanding of QM at this point is that it's sort of wrong to think of anything being exactly anywhere, ever.

The way I intuit it, QM systems seem to be described by their wavefunctions sort of the same way a bunch of sine waves together makes music. You could have a QM system that is spatially (mostly) at X, represented by a wave function, or at Y, represented by another, but the third option, a superposition, is the combination of those two wave functions.

No not really, only when you observe the particle, the location is determined. ANd at this point it behaves like a localised single particle.