This seems to be less about the language the code is written in and more about whether the code is contained within the app bundle. So an Electron/Cordova/whatever app that runs JS from the local bundle will still be OK, while loading the code from a remote server will not.

I was curious about the Deploy feature of Ionic as it's a nice selling point. Their site does say this:

Push live code changes. Outside the App Stores.

Deploy allows you to send live app updates and code changes directly to users and testers, without going through the App Stores. Changes to JavaScript, HTML, and CSS files are included in the service, and fully compliant with Apple and Android requirements.

Curious how they're able to push live changes to apps and stay in compliance of these rules.

link to Deploy page: https://ionicframework.com/pro/deploy