The question you should be asking is whether you trust Brave to vet the source code and remove anything that seems like a problem.
Brave is (and you are) saying I should trust Brave because they're going to rip out Google's tracking and insert their own instead. No thank you. I'll stick with Firefox and whatever chicanery Mozilla is up to.
Brave Ads are opt-in and client-based. There is no server side tracking of users or data in the clear. I can say more on how all this works, but I will pause here. Search for "catalog" elsewhere to find another comment explaining it a bit more.
The page goes over (high level) how the project is built and links to patches where functionality was disabled or modified (ex: proxied, etc)
I would trust a closed source project that has been thoroughly and extensively vetted by a third-party auditor I trust far more than an open source project that has no audit for me to reference.
As I am not a professional security auditor, my ability to understand the minutiae of developer decisions (intentional and unintentional) in some multi-million-LOC project is basically a limit approaching zero. My looking at the source code to give myself a false sense of security would only increase my risk, IMO.
It's like a restaurant tells you "yeah we have a clean kitchen, you can go take a quick look yourself!" and it's like, do you know to check that water and disinfectant buckets can't be within x feet of each other? To temp every fridge and warmer to ensure no danger zones? To monitor glove usage and hair net usage? And a thousand other things?
Being open source basically means that a nice auditor could do some audit work for free to help the community, but that's about it from my perspective.
Unless some of you are actively code reviewing the entirety of Chromium prior to launching any build of it ???
LetsEncrypt is an example of a non-profit open source based CA.