Geometry is the best example, anythig beyond the basics has no good common names and still you can do it in your head.
If you slice through a pair of carrots, how many pieces of carrots are there afterwards? (do this simple thing in your head an than read on)
I slice them imaginary and than start counting what I'm left with. The part where I go from 2 carrots to 4 carrot parts happens without words. Anyone doing it differently? You of course have to be self-observing enough to say more than "I just know" :).