Electric stoves in Europe (well, the UK, France and Belgium at least) run on standard two-phase 240V. Few houses have tri-phase power installed, you have to pay a premium for that, and get a tri-phase meter installed.
Still, they used to be 3-phase not long ago so OP is also correct.
e.g. look at pretty much any Miele stove/oven combination.
Just checked one random German oven (AEG) that specifies typical usage around 1kw and max at 4.8kW. Electrolux which is known for energy efficiency claims max 3kW for a similar oven.
Maybe stove is responsible for the rest?
The oven is separate and connected with a standard plug though.
Here it used to be common that there's a rather large water tank (1 cubic meter or even more) that is heated up during night time when electricity was cheaper, and then gives out the warmth during day. This is no longer a feasible use case because night time usage of electricity has gone up and night electricity is not cheaper.
Heat pumps (operating with drilled wells going 100 m deep) have become more common. The pumps take 400V 3-phase.
Air source electric heat pumps are on the rise, but it'll be decades before they catch up to gas.
In Germany, electric heating for the house is very uncommon (in opposite to France, I think) for the reason that in Germany, electricity is rather expensive.
If I understand correctly from other comments below, Belgium seems to use this form of heating despite having some of the highest prices for electricity [0]. Is that the case?
And yes, it is expensive (for a 2 floor house with electric heating including water, total electricity was in the 3-4K Euros per year range). I assume there's no viable alternative for the particular buildings. Usually the rent is substantially lower for those houses (I lived in houses where the rent was lower than the nebenkosten+electricity for this exact reason).
[0] https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php...
You extrapolated from "common in my city" to "common in my country", and a fairly large one at that. That isn't contrasting anything; its just plain wrong.
Most German houses run on "Fernwärme", a district heating system where the cities reuse the leftover heat energy from waste incineration plants or powerplants. Another major heating source is gas. Only a tiny minority in rural regions uses oil, and that’s pretty much it — electricity is pretty much never used at all.
Actually about 50 % of households use gas, about a quarter uses oil and the remaining quarter is Fernwärme, heat pump, solar etc.
The word you are looking for is subsidies.
Not every Latin-derived word also works in English. ;)
There are mainly 2 categories for stoves, but I don’t think a 2 phase option exists: (source: just bought one)
1. ~7.4kW with a double group (4 pins) connection. That gives you 2x16A, but is still only one phase, just split over 2 fuses.
2. 10kW+ with a 3 phase connection (also 4 pins), in this case it actually is using 3 phases.
Dutch prices are regulated. The annual fee for a 3x25A connection is the same as for 1x40A. The next step at my grid operator (3x35A) is much more expensive.
Maybe this is the reason people still talk about 2 phase systems.
In NL, assuming a somewhat modern setup, you have two sets of fuses: one per phase capped at the phase capacity ( commonly 25A), and then another fuse per group (usually: 16A).
(Source: lives in a recently renovated apartment in NL :) ).
And we don't do electric heating.
Meanwhile American homeshops cannot use high grade equipment or have to use VFDs on each machine or rotary converters to create three phases.
Two conductors, phase and neutral (+ ground where needed).
I imagine that the same stove models are sold all over Europe, but that in countries where multiple phases are uncommon, the stove would come with a 240V plug already connected (i.e. set up to use a single phase).
[1] which is possible even for full 11 kW stove, if you have 40A single phase power.
https://media3.bosch-home.com/Documents/bosch.html?matNumber... see "Basic Settings"