You just have to be within bluetooth distance; AirDrop doesn't require the same wifi network. It does require wifi to be enabled, because AirDrop creates its own wifi network side channel for the actual transferring of files.
How do you figure? I've never seen any discouragement from it.
"Disabling" Bluetooth is similar, it will disconnect from paired devices, but BTLE is still available.
You have to use airplane mode, or go in to the Settings app to fully disable it. If that isn't discouragement, I don't know what is.