Contraction hierarchies[0] are a nice extension over which A* works even better and I believe these are used in osrm. I read a paper by Microsoft Research where they optimized the setting to enable shortest path routing in average of 5 memory reads, or something ridiculously unbelievable like that. [1]
0: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraction_hierarchies
1: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/...