It's maybe a simplistic view of the world and East vs West... But the recent HK protests can be rationalized through this lens.
I think respect for intellectual property and human rights will determine whether China continues it's march forward or not...
China is moving forward due to the same scientific temperament, may be need to supplement more moral education to build a balance. But that's a normal process given it took out 1.4 billion people out of poverty and making them one of the largest middle income economy and slowly moving towards developed.
You can see an example in India where all values you described are part of its constitution (probably the only nation where there is a chapter on human rights in its Constitution) and government proclaim to protect it. Still has one of the highest poverty levels in the world. India needs more scientific temperament to come out of its religious tribal mentality and need more science education.
The problem you described of Hong Kong is its own making where people accepted living in prison cell size house and rely on get rich quick scheme when China was closed which doesn't work anymore. So it's just paying the price of its own choice.
It's old fashioned but they extracted $45 trillion from India alone, think about how much was taken from Africa and China....also at it's peak opium deals in China accounted for 35% of the UK's GDP (expect similar numbers in the US)...
Explanations of western growth that exclude economic history seem suspicious to me, a lot of the true story & criminality is hidden in the numbers.
Of the few ways to avoid the Malthusian trap, the West did it by robbing people at gun point.
Except how did the West get into a position of being more powerful than the rest of the world?
Around 1600, Western countries, the Ottomans, Mughal-ruled India, and Imperial China weren't too different in development (the non-Euro folks could actually have been considered more developed). By the late-1700s / early-1800s the Europeans were steamrolling over everyone.
What changed in those ~150 years?
A good book on the topic is Intellectual Curiosity and the Scientific Revolution by Toby Huff:
* https://www.cambridge.org/9780521170529
It explores an interesting accidental historical experiment: the telescope was invented in 1608 in the Netherlands, and in the next ~20 years had spread to most of the world's major civilizations. What various cultures did with it (or not) explains why Europe took off.
See also The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China and the West by the same author: