Fifteen minutes: “How to Choose a Database” by Ben Anderson (https://www.ibm.com/cloud/blog/how-to-choose-a-database-on-i...)
Three hours: Jepsen analyses of distributed systems safety. Kyle tests software ranging across the database spectrum.
One week: Designing Data-Intensive Applications by Martin Kleppman.
Disclaimer: I work with Ben and think he takes a really nice tact on this subject, while it may be orthogonal to your immediate question regarding trade-offs.
Working with Kyle is always a pleasure, so we definitely don't discard having him have another look at our database in a bit - once there have been enough changes to it that our trust on the project is not where it should.