If the US can sell treasuries at rates not much above inflation, then it is because they are not loaning enough -- is there really no bridges or other infrastructure that could benefit the economy if they are built?
Secondarily, many prospective borrowers of these projects are already in debt, and have cash flows which are not growing fast enough to borrow more.
why should a gov't project need to have any real returns? Social returns is enough. If the city is nicer to live in, if the businesses thrive because of increaed foot traffic, lower car accident rates, cleaner air etc.
We're running our governments like businesses and you're not going to find any nimble or disruptive startups in the mix.