There isn’t a database of every US citizen’s fingerprints.
The only government that has my fingerprint is the US, despite being an Irishman.
The Netherlands planned to create a centralized store but it seems to face public opposition.
The only way I could see a US passport containing fingerprint data is if you were naturalized, but even then, it would require USCIS/USCBP to actually share that data with the State Department.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_passport#Biometr...