Are you including the extensive notes in the book when you claim that he doesn't mention any connections nor cite any existing research? I think he wrote the main book much like a textbook, i.e. a straightforward presentation of the ideas, and not like a typical academic publication. IIRC, the extensive notes do mention many connections and include a lot of citations.

The entire book is available online for free. Here's the first section of the notes:

- [Note (a) for An Outline of Basic Ideas: A New Kind of Science | Online by Stephen Wolfram [Page 859]](https://www.wolframscience.com/nks/notes-1-1--mathematics-in...)

... but, after looking at some more sections of the notes, I think now I remembered very much incorrectly – there are in fact very few citations or specific references. There are, in my opinion, very many connections noted tho.

Also from the notes:

- [Clarity and modesty – Note (e) for General Notes: A New Kind of Science | Online by Stephen Wolfram [Page 849]](https://www.wolframscience.com/nks/notes-0-1--clarity-and-mo...)

- [Citations and references – Note (d) for General Notes: A New Kind of Science | Online by Stephen Wolfram [Page 850]](https://www.wolframscience.com/nks/notes-0-1--citations-and-...)