No.
> Are fatty foods and empty carbs cheaper to produce than less processed, healthier food?
They are subsidized by the government, ie: Corn subsidies. That said, even without subsidies, I'd imagine that they'd be cheaper for another reason: You can store them long term without too much cost.
> More to the point, is there money to be made by making real food more readily available?
Not likely. Any advantage you squeeze out could probably be copied by another company willing to sell less healthy food. So the only your only real option for differentiation would be marketing how healthy your food is. But that requires people to care.
If the government provided free healthy food to everyone, fully cooked, ready to go, at a reasonably well-prepared level, at as many locations as there are fast food restaurants, then, I think it would actually make some impact on health.
Hm. Maybe the government should just subsidize salads at restaurants/fast food joints.