Ex-Microsoft dev used test account to swipe $10M in store credits
theregister.co.uk
theregister.co.uk
From there, FIST proceeded to trace the accounts and transactions involved. With the assistance of the US Secret Service and the Internal Revenue Service, investigators concluded that Kvashuk had defrauded Microsoft, despite efforts to conceal his identity with fake accounts and to hide public blockchain transactions using a Bitcoin mixing service.
In addition to service provider records that point to Kvashuk, the complaint notes that Microsoft's online store uses a form of device fingerprinting called a Fuzzy Device ID. Investigators, it's claimed, linked a specific device identifier to accounts associated with Kvashuk.
Pretty involved dissection, went all the way down to digital fingerprinting to catch it.
The thief was smart about the hiding it, but not smart enough, but he had to know after $10m they would catch on. Reminds me of the McDonalds Monopoly game that the extended family of one of the people that worked at the printing place kept winning which was improbable, then expanded further where everyone would give them a cut of the winnings up to $24m [1].
> Jerome Jacobson and his network of mobsters, psychics, strip-club owners, and drug traffickers won almost every prize for 12 years, until the FBI launched Operation ‘Final Answer.’
Take $10m or $24m from a large corporation, someone is going to notice.
[1] https://www.thedailybeast.com/how-an-ex-cop-rigged-mcdonalds...
You don't know that for every person caught after taking $10m there aren't 5 who took $100m then stopped and got away with it. It's just pure speculation.
But like in Office Space, when the account gets big enough it has to eventually be investigated and people aren't smart to run up a big amount but get greedy, whether they find the money or not who knows but someone will know.
I'd assume a $100m hole in a company balance sheets when they get audited would make the news.
https://www.social-engineer.org/wiki/archives/Hackers/hacker...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Mark_Rifkin
https://coolinterestingstuff.com/worlds-biggest-heists-stanl...
~lost is somehwhat vague because all it involved was a Letter of Undertaking that was a "promise" by the bank to return that money. They did honor it, losing billions of dollars.
[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_National_Bank_Scam
[1]: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/obam...
I am interested in knowing in what ways he could have never been caught? What did he miss?
Also got greedy - he could have had 1 million and live on the interest, but he had to keep going.
Standard wisdom gives you the 4% rule.. i.e. you can spend 4% of a balance to have a principle last forever (Based on historic stock market data, no guarantee it will actually work in the future).
4% of a million is only 40k. Can you live on 40k a year? Yes, billions of people make less than or equal to 40k a year. However most software devs like this guy who was making over 100k a year would be "content" to retire on 40k a year.
He would need at least 3 million to live on the 120k a year ;)
I wonder if the FBI has an automated system for monitoring bitcoin addresses that are associated with investigations that went cold possibly years ago, and as such no longer have the active attention of any [human] agents. Probably, right? It seems like it would be a good idea anyway.
This is the problem with stealing "easy money." It's hard to stop, especially if you don't spend the first portion of money wisely.
It's why card skimmers always get caught, too, eventually. They can't just steal $100,000 and be done with it. That's barely enough for a fully loaded Tesla Model S. They have to keep on stealing, and after a few years of this, are you really going to go back to a 9-5 job paying you $30,000 or less a year for hard work?
So it's not really about criminals "being dumb" about continuing to steal the money, unless you define being dumb the moment they first did it. It's more about them feeling like they have no choice but to keep doing it.
Given how much money actually is estimated to be skimmed and how few that actually get caught I doubt this.
Plus there's a weird psychological effect in some people where they feel guilty and actually want to get caught. A few years ago I dropped my wallet somewhere, and someone picked it up and used the contactless cards a couple times. They caught him when, the next day, he was shouting and threatening people and generally acting obnoxious, and was arrested with my wallet (complete with my photo ID) still on him.
Why did the guy suddenly get himself arrested? Why didn't he at least get rid of the wallet first? Maybe there's no connection between the two, but people are complicated.
The name for this in statistics is ergodicity. Nassim Taleb, an expert on this subject, as well as many other authors in risk management have established that even professionals in statistics fare very poorly in understanding ergodicity in real life.
In short , its not psych, its human nature
People are complicated and it's difficult to find individual causes; and everyone responds to things differently. I'm not trying to say that everyone who commits crimes just has low self esteem. People have choices; and there are genetic and other environmental factors (exposure to lead being a big one). But it's quite certain that subconscious "I deserve to be punished" motives are a thing.
Most likely, stealing your wallet was part of impulsive behavior. Your was not first wallet and him being threatening or obnoxious was not his first such time. Most low level criminals are like that.
They don't always get caught.
> This is the problem with stealing "easy money." It's hard to stop, especially if you don't spend the first portion of money wisely.
This is very true. Easy money skews how you think. When I was into credit card fraud money became less meaningful. I could get almost anything I wanted for free using stolen cards.
That said, I also kept my activities below what I considered a safe threshold, volumes that would be less likely to cause a large investigation.
1 - Microsoft, and probably most big companies, have persistent tracking ID on most stuff that are hard to get rid of and can be used to identify you and devices linked to you in a fuzzy way. I mean, we know about super cookies, fingerprinting and such, but it's another to hear it being used to track somebody that was careful and using multiple anonymous accounts.
2 - BTC mixers will not protect you. Correlating one single wallet with you will make it possible to them retrace the entire history.
Buy Monero with Biticoin -> Transfer Monero to another wallet -> Buy Bitcoin with Monero.
But I guess it isn't that easy.
You need to do that with individuals, which is much harder, especially for a high amount of money.
Not saying this is impossible, but it's no as simple as it used to be.
It's also possible they both knew the address which was paid out to buy the stolen merchandise and they saw he had withdrawals from a bitcoin exchange in bank records. Given these two facts, it's pretty easy to draw a line between them even when mixers are used. But if you don't already know who to suspect this is much harder to do.
"I bought some bitcoin for cash a decade ago" explains cashing Bitcoin, so what have you got left as evidence.
It certainly could be enough to connect him, if they already know the fraudulent codes were generated from his account, and you can see the mixing process and that he was clearly an output of it, that means that he would have had to buy bitcoin from someone who used his account to generate those codes... that's not going to play well to any judge or jury.
> Him cashing in Bitcoin is circumstantial.
Other than confessions, most convictions happen mostly on the basis of circumstantial evidence. TV and movies have taught people that circumstantial evidence is "weak" and insufficient to get a conviction. This is simply not true. Sufficient amount of circumstantial evidence will put you in jail. The job of the prosecutor is not to meet some specific pre-defined standard, it's to convince the jury.
And if the prosecutor has just spent the last hour talking to the jury about how they could track that x amount of stolen credits were sold for x bitcoin at date y, and this bitcoin was then fed to a mixer, and that on those same day or soon after you converted 0.95x BTC to $, and you could not positively prove where that money came from, if your strategy was just:
> "I bought some bitcoin for cash a decade ago"
Good luck with that.
The point is that once the cops know who you are, you're fucked. Even if they are using classified methods to ID you, they'll then find something circumstantial to get warrants until they find you.
The only way to get away is to completely avoid detection in the first place.
Driving a Tesla that costs significantly more than your take-home pay is... a suboptimal way to avoid being identified.
Wouldn't Microsoft be able to trace the digital currency to the whitelisted test account? I'm assuming there's some kind of approval process for whitelisting test accounts (or at least you have to be in the right permissions group), otherwise anyone (even non-QA) could make a test account that bypasses their security.
Nothing new here. I thought transparent history was one of the main points of distributed ledgers. BTC was never meant to be anonymous
I've worked lots of places with access to lots of things. I have technical know how and presumably so does he. Even if I was inclined to do something like this I know that many of my coworkers / people at the company ... are more than capable of tracking down most anything if given enough attention.
The first and best protection I could think of is simply the volume of what is stolen to keep from being noticed. Once noticed with sufficient motivation it's just a matter of time.
And this is why Crime and Punishment is an ageless masterpiece of literature.
Not something I'm saying _happened_ here, but certainly something I think everyone should keep in mind when they read these types of cases.
Edit: if someone looks at a jail sentence and a $250,000 fine and decides stealing millions is still "worth it" even if you are caught, it's actually not. Judges order restitution to the defrauded, even if you can't realistically pay it. That means your assets will be seized (bye bye Tesla and house) and you'll never be able to build wealth ever again because any of your future wages will be garnished, forever, because you'll never be able to pay back that debt, which will be the amount you stole plus interest plus legal fees.
It doesn't mention returning what he took... So he steals over 10m and buys a 1.6m house and can only be fined up to $250k? With 20 years in prison, and let's say out in 10 years of good behavior wouldn't that raise his annual income (which is taxed) from $116,000 to north of $1m?
A hyperbolic explanation [1] so I don't have to retype something similar:
> Federal sentences are calculated using the United States Sentencing Guidelines. The guidelines are a very complex set of rules used to calculate a federal sentence based upon the crime charged, the circumstances of the case, and the criminal record of the defendant. Calculating a very simple sentence is like completing a very simple tax return under, say, 1040-EZ; a complex sentence is like completing a tax return for a troubled entity engaged in questionable tax practices. Or, for you old-school geeks, like creating a Runequest character for a friend who is an argumentative rules-lawyer. From the enactment of the guidelines in the 1980s until United States v. Booker in 2005, the guidelines were binding upon federal judges — they had to follow the guidelines unless there were grounds for a "departure," meaning the rare circumstance not contemplated by the guidelines. Guidelines-application litigation was time-consuming, tedious, and generally despised by trial and appellate judges. In 2005, the Supreme Court decided to construe the guidelines as mere recommendations which federal judges must consider, thus avoiding the Constitutional dilemma of the sentencing judge making findings of fact driving the sentence without a jury's input. Now, federal judges calculate and consider guidelines sentences, but make their own determination, taking into account the factors required by federal statute. Appellate courts review trial judges' sentences for "reasonableness," in which adherence to the guidelines is one factor. Sentences within the guidelines are presumed reasonable. Most federal judges tend to issue sentences close to the guidelines; some impose sentences below, but it's rarer to see one impose a sentence above.
[1] excerpted from the much longer and funnier https://www.popehat.com/2013/02/05/crime-whale-sushi-sentenc...
So the only thing you can achieve by reporting a theft is that someone gets subjected to the US justice system (assuming they do anything at all). It is highly unlikely you get anything back. So you shouldn't do it to recover your goods.
Furthermore, reporting anything to the police has extra consequences:
1) they will investigate, and may find something wrong with you
2) they may report it to other government organizations which may use it in ways you did not anticipate and really don't want (e.g. child services: your house was broken into and is "not livable")
3) just the association, or that the neighborhood sees police officers near/in your house will spread and may have consequences.
There's nothing to gain from using the justice system and everything to lose.
Given that a working justice system is what seperates capitalism from anarchy, how is this allowed to happen in America?
It’s interesting, since in daily life it seems almost normal.
>nothing to gain from using the justice system
Insurance may require the theft to be reported before they cover any claims.
Yes, that's the reason to report.
Another reason not to, if you don't have insurance: creepy cops being creepy at you. Story time:
Walking home with my then-housemate after dinner that involved drinking, we were mugged. Minor violence, lost our wallets.
I called the cops. They wanted to come the next day to do an interview, which I declined, pointing out they weren't going to try to find the wallets, so what's the point? At which point cop starts getting weird, first saying they need their statistics for better funding. I still decline, and he says "Well, we'll send someone anyway" and hangs up.
Sure enough, a cop shows up the next day. I tell him I don't need his services and he starts pressuring me for a report. At this point, I'm pissed and tell him to leave; he makes vague noises about maybe not responding to this block very quickly in the future; I barely manage not to say something really rude that most likely would have escalated things.
My policy now: if I'll probably die anyway, or if it involves enough money that I can't ignore it, I might call the cops. Otherwise I'll take my chances that inviting more shitty people to a shitshow will just turn it worse.
FTP.
If you can reasonable keep control (and that could be a simply having the ability to walk away) then do that instead of calling the police.
Once you call them, you're trusting that they won't turn on you, or take issue with you.
So if they actually manage to do that (obviously people don't generally commit crimes because they're swimming in money), then no, this is wrong information.
Yeah, seems like I was, in the general case of stolen assets, sorry. My example applies to the more limited case of sale of stolen assets to a buyer, where there's enough conspiracy between seller and buyer, and the buyer is an unpleasant career fence. It happens often enough: there's a specialized network of fences (dealers in stolen goods). Given the efforts the parties make to keep their operation covert, conspiracy is easy for the government to allege. And the civil forfeiture against the money used to buy the goods proceeds without a hitch. Yet the fence is not indicted.It happens at scale, you can be sure that false positives (honest citizens who happen to look bad) get burned too.
>There is no getting reduced sentences for good behavior
>If he gets 20 years, he has to serve at least 16 by law.
I am assuming that the 4 year difference would be applied in the event of... Good behavior?
https://www.uscourts.gov/services-forms/fees/post-judgement-...
Or perhaps he was very confident in hiding the fact he was behind the scam? Ie. He might have just claimed someone else must have guessed his test account credentials because the password was "1234".
That's not a sure deal, and leaving the familiar for a life on the run / looking over your shoulder is a pretty big thing to consider.
1. Stop using google and related services. They log all your data forever (keyword searches). The FBI/governments are now going to google to get this data to use for investigation purposes. This is probably the same for any major internet company that records data (they all do). The only exception is for companies that pride themselves in having a "no logging" policy...maybe like duckduckgo.
2. Your computer can be tracked by its device characteristics. This is almost the same as your IP address or physical address to a certain extent. This was a significant part of the prosecution's evidence. You can use a USB bootable device like TAILs to potentially mitigate this risk.
3. The guy filed tax returns for something like 50-150k/year in taxable income. In certain years he had deposits into his bank account totaling $2.8 million.....I mean come on now...how do you think that's not going to raise a red flag...at least for the IRS?
4. BTC mixing services will not necessarily guarantee your privacy, especially if you are using KYC exchanges. Even if you are not doing anything illegal with your BTC...you'll still have to be able to explain where the money came from. This guy was going to use the excuse that his father gave him the BTC for free....and paid for all the BTC with cash.
5. If you're doing anything shady, for the love of god don't use a bank. Also if you are doing anything shady, don't use a KYC exchange. You're probably just better off staying entirely in crypto or selling the crypto for physical cash and just staying in cash.
My overall impression is for the amount this guy stole, he planned it out very sloppily and made very little effort to EFFECTIVELY conceal his activity.
1) I guess he wasn't aware of this ID'ing. That's odd.
2) Fake accnts aside, I'd presume he used a VPN as well as other means to mitigate his trackability. But the FD ID can still work? Ouch.
3) If this is what MS can do, imagine what the NSA is dabbling in.
[1] https://regmedia.co.uk/2019/07/17/us_v_kvashuk.pdf page 25
1) Sale Transaction of stored-value currency linked to Dev
2) Stored-value currency redeemed and deposited into accounts linked to spaceninja888 on X-Box Live (100 other transactions like this)
Isn't this sufficient evidence to prove he stole the money? Even if he gave it away for free, isn't it still fraud?
How do you find such contract work? (at BigCo's I mean)
Pretty sure I can't name any of our vendor companies, but you can take a guess at some of the bigger ones I'm sure.
There was a time when MSFT called them "dash trash". Good times. /s
It's a misnomer[0]. You usually find this work through vendor companies that actually hold the contracts with BigCo's. To the BigCo, you're a contractor but you're "technically" an FTE with the vendor company, who holds the actual contract (head count x duration) to work at the BigCo.
Become a half-human slave to one of large outstaffing companies with a proud yet faux label of "free contractor", for tax purposes.
Does someone have details on what he was trying to do here and why did he have to use bitcoin mixing in the first place?
Do you want fraud? This is how you get fraud.