Interesting that there aren’t alphabets and spellings based on these fundamental phonemes. Couldn’t things be simplified quite a bit by doing this?
While English could probably withstand some changes to orthography, there are also advantages to the spelling being somewhat disjoint from the exact pronunciation.
Ended up with, if I recall, about 47-53 distinct “letters”, although it was a flat hierarchy so a, æ, e, and è were all distinct letters from one another for sorting and reference purposes. Part of my motivation was to reduce the character count of individual words by combining digraphs and trigraphs into a single letter… so I could fit more on the Twitter. Secondary was to have one letter to one sound, although I don’t think I covered every sound in English.
When I soured on Twitter, I also lost interest in my modified alphabet, but my main takeaways: remaking the English alphabet from scratch can be done in about an afternoon, including a reference word list to act as a guide for new spellings. Your main problem is the only one that will be literate in your new alphabet is you, not an insurmountable problem in itself, but it’s probably not worth re-educating society for something you put together in an afternoon.
If you want to see a more successful manifestation of an alphabet put together in a way you suggest, try Hangul. It’s flexible enough to adapt to other languages as well.
For example, in Year 1 that useless letter "c" would be dropped to be replased either by "k" or "s", and likewise "x" would no longer be part of the alphabet.
The only kase in which "c" would be retained would be the "ch" formation, which will be dealt with later.
Year 2 might reform "w" spelling, so that "which" and "one" would take the same konsonant, wile Year 3 might well abolish "y" replasing it with "i" and iear 4 might fiks the "g/j" anomali wonse and for all.
Jenerally, then, the improvement would kontinue iear bai iear with iear 5 doing awai with useless double konsonants, and iears 6-12 or so modifaiing vowlz and the rimeining voist and unvoist konsonants.
Bai iear 15 or sou, it wud fainali bi posibl tu meik ius ov thi ridandant letez "c", "y" and "x" -- bai now jast a memori in the maindz ov ould doderez -- tu riplais "ch", "sh", and "th" rispektivli.
Fainali, xen, aafte sam 20 iers ov orxogrefkl riform, wi wud hev a lojikl, kohirnt speling in ius xrewawt xe Ingliy-spiking werld.
1) http://www.lettersofnote.com/2012/05/iorz-feixfuli-m-j-yilz....
2) https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/t/twain/mark/what_is_man/chap...