I quickly scanned the study you linked and its conclusions, but it doesn't seem to draw any reliable conclusions at all. It specifically mentions the results need to be reproduced, are purely observational, depended on self-reported intake quantities, and did not correct for possible factors that correlate with intake of artificial sweeteners (such as obesity). Last but not least the test group was purely women in a relatively narrow age range above 50.

I always get somewhat triggered by people claiming artificial sweeteners are provably bad, because so far I have not seen a single study that conclusively claims this without a long list of reservations. All while the health effects of artificial sweeteners are one of the most researched topics in nutritional science.

I don't have a stake in this game at all (I rarely eat/drink things that have artificial sweeteners, or actual sugar, for that matter), but the fact that after decades of research there still is no smoking gun tells me the supposed adverse health effects of artificial sweeteners are way overblown.

Some caution needs to be used when interpreting these results. The ASB intake was self-reported with a lot of potential errors. The authors state:

"Additionally, women with high intakes of ASB of all types may have differed systematically in many ways from women with little or no intake, most especially since they were more likely to be obese and have a higher energy intake."

>postmenopausal US women