If you are sure you want to read some fiction, you can try the Quantum Thief series, Cixin Liu's Three Body Problem series, or the Goodreads shelf on "Math Fiction": https://www.goodreads.com/shelf/show/math-fiction
Fantasia Mathematica (1958) and The Mathematical Magpie (1962), two short story collections edited by Clifton Fadiman
Mathenauts (1967), short story collection edited by Rudy Rucker
The Space Child's Mother Goose (1958?), poetry
Come to think of it, A Wrinkle In Time by Madeline L'Engle (1962) fits right in with this group. The math and cold war anxiety themes are stronger in the book than in the recent movie.
On that note, also check out Dichronauts and the three Orthogonal books. Dichronauts ended terribly and I stopped reading Egan for a while after that book.
Come to think about it he doesn't really know how to end books.
Be warned for sexist ideas and satirical writing.
There's a big list here with reviews: http://kasmana.people.cofc.edu/MATHFICT/
Also if you are more into the physics side of mathematics you might enjoy Greg Egan who writes sci-fi with ideas like about what if the speed of light was promotional to frequency. He also recently published some new adavances in the field of super permutations.
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Man-Who-Loved-Only-Numbers/dp/18570...
a fun literary example of a structure preserving transformation is the translation of Perec's "La Disparition" from the original french-without-the-letter-e to english-without-the-letter-e.
see also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oulipo
A wrinkle in Time