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Matlab's hook is the domain specific toolkits which don't have polished open source equivalents.

Which ones? They seem pretty overpriced for what you get. IMO Mathematica is a better bet in most cases if you don't want Python or Julia.

Simulink is probably the biggest.

Ah. That I would agree with. The rest of the packages don't impress me as much.

A lot of them are very domain specific, like controls engineering and stuff like that.

If I recall, a big chunk of the code that controls Toyota engines is generated from a massive Simulink model.