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They have some sort of caching or CDN yes, but you can't spin up a gcp compute instance for example. Ie far away from a full blown cloud region.

Also the presence of local CDN doesn't imply Google presence. Eg the steam servers in SA are hosted by ISPs

I am gonna guess he meant a datacenter for Google Cloud. Google probably has their own points-of-presence for Google and YouTube.

Yes, it does, check out the network tab here: https://cloud.google.com/about/locations/

Azure recently opened a datacenter, apparently AWS and GCP do not yet have one.