It would really still depend on the support libraries around the task you want to write, if you really need more performance for the parts that those support libraries don't cover (and beyond what you get with PyPy or Numba) and which language you have more experience with.

If you're really going down to the FFI, it's hard to think it wouldn't be more productive, but that's not what a true beginner like the target of this book would do. Though it's quite nice to quickly extend some tool for your purpose without compromising anything or to understand how something works thanks to being written in high level code.

Syntax-wise, Julia's Common Lisp-like feature set gives the language a lot of power, but normal use will probably be just on par with Python in terms of productivity.