"Beleidigt" is quite negative, implying a sense of hurt feelings where none is expected. I don't think this is an adequate general translation for "hurt feelings". Just "verletzt" might work, depending on context.

I don't agree with the translation (see sibling), but also don't understand the point. There isn't a single word for this in English either (It's .. two words) and while we're at it: English is a lot of German(ic) with a big chunk of French. Who copied whom for hurt feelings/verletzte Gefuehle is something I can't say.

But .. why derive any sort of meaning from the fact that there's not a one word term for this?

Beleidigt means upset, and frankly you can be upset without beeing emotionally hurt, e.g. you are beleidigt about someone behaving in a bad manner that you had a high opinion off.

Beleidigt is more than beeing hurt emotionally, it is also means the person who is beleidigt has to act beleidigt (e.g. by actively punishing the person you are beleidigt at with avoiding them).

This means you can only be beleidigt at soemone if you care about them or what they represent in some way, while beeing emotionally hurt doesn’t require any such connection.