https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/08/bbc-tv-licence-v...
"The optical detector in the detector van uses a large lens to collect that light and focus it on to an especially sensitive device, which converts fluctuating light signals into electrical signals, which can be electronically analysed."
For many years I had heard that the real enforcement tool was the fact that anyone selling a TV in the UK, like an electrical retailer such as Comet or Currys, had to submit the name and address of the purchaser to the TV Licensing authority. I just did a quick google, and it turns out this really was the case for a really long time!
> https://www.tvlicensing.co.uk/check-if-you-need-one/business...
"Since 1991, the BBC, in its role as the relevant licensing authority, has been responsible for collecting and enforcing the TV Licence fee."
> https://www.tvlicensing.co.uk/about/foi-legal-framework-AB16
A vintage one would be cool too, probably a bit tricky in headwinds with that weight on the top. You could also watch TV pretty well just by watching what other people had on. Shame LCD flatscreens ended this nonsense.
Most people believed the vans were mythical and that they just had a map with a database. The vans - according to some - were fake, just to put fear into people.
I can't find a source for this anecdote at the moment, sorry.